This technical manual aims to help governments improve health and increase revenues by identifying a set of “best practices” for tobacco taxation. It documents governments’ existing approaches to tobacco taxation, discusses barriers to using tobacco taxes to achieve health and revenue objectives and provides case studies of effective tobacco tax administration. This manual is intended to be useful to tax administrators at the Ministry of Finance level by making them aware of the practices used and challenges faced by other countries. It will also be useful to officials in a country’s Ministry of Health or similar organizations by providing them with a more thorough understanding of key issues in tax structure and administration.